What Is Postnatal Depression?

Postnatal depression (PND), sometimes referred to as postpartum depression, is a common mental health disorder that affects women after they have given birth. It is thought to affect between 11-20% of new mothers. PND can have a significant impact on the mother, her relationship with her partner, her other children, the baby, and her wider family, so it is important to understand the signs and symptoms of PND, and to ensure that those who experience it get the help and support they need.

Symptoms of Postnatal Depression

Postnatal depression can manifest itself in many different ways, and can include a wide range of physical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral symptoms. Some of the most common symptoms of PND include:

• • Depressed mood or tardiness – feelings of sadness, hopelessness and grief that can be overwhelming and difficult to shake.

 

• • Fatigue – feeling constantly exhausted, even after a full night’s sleep.

 

• • Insomnia – difficulty getting to sleep, or waking up too early and not being able to go back to sleep.

 

• • Anxiety – feeling overwhelmed and anxious, and unable to shake off worries or fears.

 

• • Low self-esteem – feeling inadequate and unable to cope, and not feeling good enough as a mother or a partner.

 

• • Difficulty bonding with the baby – feeling disconnected from the baby and having poor attachment.

 

• • Loss of interest in activities – feeling an inability to take enjoyment in things that were previously enjoyable, such as hobbies or social activities.

 

• • Withdrawal from family and friends – feeling like withdrawing from family and friends, or not wanting to be around other people.

 

Causes of Postnatal Depression

Postnatal depression is likely caused by a combination of physical, emotional, and social factors. Hormonal changes can play a role, as levels of progesterone, oestrogen, and cortisol are all increased during pregnancy and then decrease drastically after birth. Having a difficult birth or a traumatic experience during childbirth can also contribute, as can living in stressful circumstances or having a lack of social support. A personal or family history of mental health problems can also be a factor.

Treatments for Postnatal Depression

There are a variety of treatment options available for postnatal depression, depending on the individual’s circumstances and needs. Some treatments can be delivered as part of a self-help package, while other treatments may require the support of a professional such as a counsellor, psychologist, or doctor.

• • Psychotherapies – such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or interpersonal therapy (IPT), can help the mother to understand the root causes of her depression, and to identify and address any triggers or underlying issues that may be contributing to her symptoms.

 

• • Counselling – talking therapies such as counselling can provide support, guidance and an important space for the mother to express her feelings and understand her emotions in a safe and non-judgmental environment.

 

• • Medication – medications such as antidepressants can be prescribed by a doctor to help manage the symptoms of depression.

 

• • Support groups – joining a local support group or online forum can provide an invaluable source of advice and support from other mothers who have also experienced PND.

 

Preventing Postnatal Depression

Understanding the risk factors and being aware of the warning signs of PND can help to spot the condition early, and to identify and address any potential problems before they become overwhelming. Here are a few things that new mothers and their families can do to help prevent the development of PND:

• • Seek help if needed – if you are struggling with the transition to parenting, seeking help early on can help to prevent the development of PND. Don’t be afraid to ask for help from family and friends, and also seek professional help if necessary.

 

• • Take care of your physical health – ensure that you are eating a balanced diet, drinking plenty of water, and getting some exercise, all of which can help boost your mood and energy levels.

 

• • Connect with other new parents – talking to other new parents can help you to feel supported and less alone, and can also help to identify any potential issues that may be causing you stress or anxiety.

 

• • Take time out for yourself – try to find some time each day to do something that you enjoy, whether that is reading a book, listening to music, going for a walk, or doing some yoga.

 

Conclusion

Postnatal depression is a common and often debilitating mental health disorder, but it is important to remember that help is available and that PND is treatable. If you feel that you may be struggling with PND, it is important to talk to your partner, a family member, or a healthcare professional, in order to get the support and help that you need. With the right help and support, postnatal depression can be managed and overcome, and you can create a positive and fulfilling parenting experience for both you and your baby.